Light disinfection, academically referred to as Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI), utilizes specific wavelengths of ultraviolet light (primarily in the UVC band 200nm-280nm) to destroy the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of microorganisms. This process causes photochemical damage, rendering them incapable of replication, thereby achieving disinfection and viral inactivation. As a purely physical process, it leaves no chemical residues.